A. TEORI FEMINIS DAN TEORI SOSIOLOGI.
Pendekatan feminis yang sejati terhadap teori mengambil konsep-konsep dan alat-alat analitis yang tepat bagi persoalan penggalaman wanita tentang ketidakadilan agar membangkitkan aktivisme. Pertama, kita bisa mulai dari suatu pemahaman mengenai kondisi-kondisi kita sendiri (sosiologi dan wanita). Pemahaman ini tidak perlu tergantung pada konsep-konsep nonjenis kelamin dan bahasa, serta mengjauhi kekakuan dikotomi-dikotomi. Sebagai pengganti asumsi adanya jurang pemisah antara konsep-konseo rasional seperti lingkungan-lingkungan umum dan pribadi, atau antara subjek (periset) dan objek (responden wanita), para teoretisi feminis memperkenalkan kontinuitas di antara mereka (sosiologi tentang wanita). Asumsi baru ini menghilangkan pandangan dua kutub itu. Akhirnya, hasil-hasil dn konsekuensi dari pemikiran kita itu, dapat menilai kemungkinan perubahan bagi wanita (sosiologi untuk wanita).
Alasan bagi pendekatan feminis terhadap teori seperti itu, bergerak dan kupasan-kupasan yang diuraikan pada bab-bab sebelumnya kearah suatu model integratif yang memperkenalkan kita untuk:
1. Menguji kemungkinan suatu integrasi teoretis
2. Memperhitungkan fliktuasi historis
3. mengembangkan model-model yang bisa diuji serta ditolak melalui penggunaan metodologi- metodologi feminis dan praksis.
Selasa, 12 April 2011
Kamis, 24 Maret 2011
asal china
Asal China
RABU, 23 MARET 2011, 15:21 WIB
Petti Lubis
Xiao Hao (www.dailymail.co.uk)
VIVAnews - Melihat perawakan Xiao Hao, Anda mungkin tidak akan menyangka bahwa bocah ini masih berusia 3 tahun. Bagaimana tidak, berat badan bocah asal Guangdong, China ini, kini mencapai 60 kg.
Dibandingkan bocah seusianya, Xiao Hao memiliki bobot lima kali lipat lebih besar. Dokter mendiagnosisnya mengalami gangguan hormon pertumbuhan, seperti dikutip dari laman Daily Mail.
Padahal saat lahir, Hao memiliki berat badan normal, yaitu 2,6 kilogram. Namun, sejak berumur 3 bulan, berat badannya terus naik.
“Nafsu makannya amat tinggi. Dia bisa makan tiga mangkuk nasi berukuran jumbo, lebih besar dari saya dan ibunya,” kata ayah Hao, Lu Yuncheng.
Sejak Hao berusia 1 tahun sebenarnya orang tua Hao sudah mengawasi pola makannya. Namun, menurut orangtuanya jika kemauannya makan tidak diturutin dia akan menangis terus.
Agar bobot tubuh anaknya tidak makin melambung, orangtua meminta Hao untuk banyak bergerak dan berolahraga. Keluarga ini pun memasang ring basket di halaman rumah.
Dibandingkan bocah seusianya, Xiao Hao memiliki bobot lima kali lipat lebih besar. Dokter mendiagnosisnya mengalami gangguan hormon pertumbuhan, seperti dikutip dari laman Daily Mail.
Padahal saat lahir, Hao memiliki berat badan normal, yaitu 2,6 kilogram. Namun, sejak berumur 3 bulan, berat badannya terus naik.
“Nafsu makannya amat tinggi. Dia bisa makan tiga mangkuk nasi berukuran jumbo, lebih besar dari saya dan ibunya,” kata ayah Hao, Lu Yuncheng.
Sejak Hao berusia 1 tahun sebenarnya orang tua Hao sudah mengawasi pola makannya. Namun, menurut orangtuanya jika kemauannya makan tidak diturutin dia akan menangis terus.
Agar bobot tubuh anaknya tidak makin melambung, orangtua meminta Hao untuk banyak bergerak dan berolahraga. Keluarga ini pun memasang ring basket di halaman rumah.
Hao juga sering diajak berenang. Tapi, yang jadi masalah, tiap kali selesai berolahraga, nafsu makan Hao malah makin besar. Akibatnya bukannya turun bobotnya malah terus melonjak naik. Lihat keseharian Hao di sini!
Tak hanya meningkatkan risiko terserang berbagai penyakit, obesitas yang diderita juga membuat Xiao Hao ditolak sejumlah sekolah. Banyak pengelola sekolah yang khawatir tubuh besar Xiao Bao akan membahayakan teman-teman sekelasnya.
Atas kondisi itu, bocah yang tinggal di Guangzhou, China bagian selatan itu terpaksa mengikuti pendidikan prasekolah di sebuah penampungan. "Ia memang sangat besar, tapi tidak berbahaya. Ia suka bermain seperti anak seusianya," kata sang ibu. (umi)
Tak hanya meningkatkan risiko terserang berbagai penyakit, obesitas yang diderita juga membuat Xiao Hao ditolak sejumlah sekolah. Banyak pengelola sekolah yang khawatir tubuh besar Xiao Bao akan membahayakan teman-teman sekelasnya.
Atas kondisi itu, bocah yang tinggal di Guangzhou, China bagian selatan itu terpaksa mengikuti pendidikan prasekolah di sebuah penampungan. "Ia memang sangat besar, tapi tidak berbahaya. Ia suka bermain seperti anak seusianya," kata sang ibu. (umi)
Joseh Barbera
Joseph Barbera
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Joseph Barbera | |
|---|---|
 Joseph Barbera in 1993 | |
| Born | Joseph Roland Barbera March 24, 1911 New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Died | December 18, 2006 (aged 95) Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Ethnicity | Italian |
| Occupation | Animator, director, producer |
| Spouse | Dorothy Earl (c. 1935–1963) Sheila Holden (1963–2006) |
Joseph Roland "Joe" Barbera (pronounced /bɑrˈbɛrə/ bar-BERR-ə; March 24, 1911 – December 18, 2006) was an influential American animator, director, producer, storyboard artist, and cartoon artist, whose movie and television cartoon characters entertained millions of fans worldwide for much of the twentieth century. Through his young adult years, Barbera lived, attended college, and began his career in New York City.
After working odd jobs and as a banker, Barbera joined Van Beuren Studios in 1932 and subsequently Terrytoons in 1936. In 1937 he moved to California and while working at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), Barbera met William Hanna. The two men began a collaboration that was at first best known for producing Tom and Jerry and live action films. In 1957, after MGM dissolved their animation department, they co-founded Hanna–Barbera, which became the most successful television animation studio in the business, producing programs such as The Flintstones, The Huckleberry Hound Show, Top Cat, Scooby-Doo, The Quick Draw McGraw Show, Yogi Bear, The Smurfs, Wacky Races and The Jetsons. In 1967, Hanna–Barbera was sold to Taft Broadcasting for $12 million, but Hanna and Barbera remained head of the company until 1991. At that time the studio was sold to Turner Broadcasting System, which in turn was merged with Time Warner, owners of Warner Bros., in 1996; Hanna and Barbera stayed on as advisors.
Hanna and Barbera won seven Academy Awards and eight Emmy Awards. Their cartoon shows have become cultural icons, and their cartoon characters have appeared in other media such as films, books, and toys. Hanna–Barbera's shows had a global audience of over 300 million people in the 1960s and have been translated into more than 20 languages.
Sabtu, 19 Maret 2011
kelinci terbesar didunia
Di rumahmu, berapa besar ukuran kelincimu gan? Ada ga yang sebesar ini?
Kalau tidak, coba cari cara bikin kelinci piaraanmu ini segede ini. Lalu kamu kirimkan foto / gambarnya kepada saya. Nah, liat kelinci piaraan para bule ini, entah dikasih makan apa bisa numbuh sebangkong ini.
Wah, jadi ngiler ingat sate kelinci kalau ngelirik para kelinci terbesar di dunia ini. Mau gan ? Berikut ini gambar-gambar koleksi kelinci paling besar di dunia:
Kalau tidak, coba cari cara bikin kelinci piaraanmu ini segede ini. Lalu kamu kirimkan foto / gambarnya kepada saya. Nah, liat kelinci piaraan para bule ini, entah dikasih makan apa bisa numbuh sebangkong ini.
Wah, jadi ngiler ingat sate kelinci kalau ngelirik para kelinci terbesar di dunia ini. Mau gan ? Berikut ini gambar-gambar koleksi kelinci paling besar di dunia:
Senin, 21 Februari 2011
10 binatang terpintar di dunia
1. Common Chimpanzee
These animals can be found in the tropical forests and wet savannas of Western and Central Africa. Chimpanzee’s learn, perform organizational thinking tasks, and have a better memory then any other animal. They have been known to defeat college educated people in memory exams. They can be taught to use computers to solve numerical problems. This animal can quickly adapt and perform sign language to communicate with humans. Chimps have been observed using advanced knowledge of tools. This includes creating spears to retrieve animals out of small holes in trees, using branches to lure and catch prey, using stones to crack nuts, and leaf sponges to soak up water. They have been viewed using tactical attack maneuvers, such as flanking their prey. They often use mental manipulation within their families. The Chimpanzee Genome Project was completed in 2005. It showed that chimps share 98% of the same genetic DNA as humans. It has been approximately four to six million years since humans and chimpanzee’s diverged from their common evolutionary ancestor. Recently, chimpanzees have been seen teaching sign language to their infants without human interference. We have just begun to understand the chimpanzees true mental capabilities.
2. Bottlenose Dolphins
The cetacean family, consisting of dolphins and whales are considered the smartest animals inhabiting the ocean. The Bottlenose Dolphin lives in warm waters throughout the world and is the smartest species of dolphin. It has an extremely large brain and its cerebral cortex and frontal lobe are 40% bigger then a human. The cerebral cortex is the area of the brain responsible for social communication, abstract information processing, problem solving, and higher lever intelligence. Bottlenose dolphins are very easily trained. They have been found to have the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend ideas, and learn from previous experiences. They use echolocation to hunt prey and certain forms of squeaks and whistles to communicate with each other. It is also interesting to see that in many occasions these dolphins show remorse for other species and signs of a conscious. In one recent story, a local dolphin named Moko saved two beached Pygmy Sperm Whales in New Zealand. The whales had been stranded for hours when Moko showed up and led the pair through the sand bars to safety. It was a glorious sight for locals and made national news.
3. Rhesus Macaque Monkey
Besides humans, the macaque genus is the most widespread in the world. The Rhesus Monkey is well known for its intelligence and because of this has been used extensively in biological and medical research. These animals have an incredible memory, ability to learn, and make self-decisions. They use facial expressions that are very similar and understood by humans. Rhesus Monkey’s have displayed suicidal tendencies, planned attack, and are very socially complex animals. They have detailed vocal systems that share similarities with human communication. Work on the genome sequencing of the Rhesus Monkey was completed in 2007, making it the second non-human primate to have this done. It showed that humans and macaques share 93% of their genetic DNA. The human and macaque chromosomes are mosaics of each other. This species of monkey, along with many others, has been used for monkey-baiting throughout history. This is a roman style fight between monkey’s and other exotic animals. Monkey’s performed admirably in these competitions, winning with intelligence. From this spawned the legend of Jacco Macacco, who was a celebrated monkey gladiator. With incredible technique and precision he usually dispatched of his opponent in three minutes or less.
4. Elephants
There are three living species of elephants, the African Bush Elephant, African Forest Elephant, and the Asian Elephant. All breeds are thought to inherit the same genetic genius. In many cultures elephants are seen as a symbol of wisdom and are known for their incredible memories. They create mental maps and are said to remember exact locations of watering and feeding holes they haven’t visited for years. An elephant’s brain is the largest of any land animal. Elephants have incredible hearing and they use both their ears and trunk to listen. They communicate by bellows, roars, trumpet-like calls, and can even transmit sound over long distances using the ground. These animals are one of few species that have displayed mirror self recognition and can identify themselves as independent. This is considered a base test for empathy, altruism, and higher social interactions in a species. Elephants have been noted performing a wide variety of behaviors. Including actions associated with grief, making music, compassion, play, and advanced use of tools. Elephants have an incredible sense for artistic achievement. They can paint portraits that express themselves. Check out this amazing video of an elephant painting a three-dimensional picture of another elephant.
5. African Grey Parrot
The African Grey is a species of parrot that is found in the West and Central African rainforest. Parrots have long been able to show that they can mimic human speech, but the African Grey can associate words with their meaning and form small sentences. These birds communicate with each other through song, calls, and body language. African Grey’s can easily be trained to have conversations and perform activities. They are accomplished mimics, recreating voices and household noises perfectly. One specific example is Alex the bird. Alex can identify more then fifty objects, seven colors, five shapes, and a numerical value up to six. He understands the difference between big and small, over and under, and has even showed comprehension of emotion by telling his handlers “gonna go away” when becoming bored with testing. Then there is the story of the African Grey Parrot in Nagarey, Japan who was lost by his owners, wounded, and sent to a veterinary hospital. While in the hospital the bird began to talk with the vet proclaiming “I am Mr. Yosuke Nakamura.” He also gave his full home address right down to the last number. Sure enough he was right and returned to home, but not before entertaining the hospital with song and dance.
6. North Pacific Giant Octopus
This creature lives in the depths of the ocean. They belong to the cephalopod family and the mollusk class. All species of cephalopods are known to have incredible intellectual ability. The octopus is considered the smartest invertebrate alive. In experimental conditions these animals have displayed both short and long term memory. They have incredible observational learning and problem solving ability. Octopuses have an extremely large nervous system, but only a portion is found in their brain. Around two-thirds of an octopus’ neurons are found in cords around and in its arms. There arms have a remarkably large autonomy. They are masters of mimicry and camouflage. They are professional escape artists and can often be found in the hull of crabbing boats, feeding on the catch. These animals have incredibly keen eyesight, sense of touch, and are very fast. There are reports of a North Pacific Giant Octopus reaching 600 pounds, with an arm span of 30 feet. They don’t make great pets or zoo attractions. In one recent story, an octopus flooded the Santa Monica Pier Aquarium by turning a valve and allowing hundreds of gallons of water to overflow the tank.
7. The Border Collie
The Border Collie is widely considered the smartest dog breed in the world. They usually spend their time sheep herding and handling many forms of livestock, but also make a great pet. With physical exercise and various forms of mental stimulation these dogs are the quickest to learn. The breed originated on the Scottish, Welsh, and English border and the dogs made an instant impact on the farming industry. It has been determined that in certain areas of the Australian Outback a trained collie will do five times the amount of work that a human could manage. The Border Collie dominates dog sports above all other breeds. They excel at high jump, utility courses, fly-ball, and can even take first place in dog dancing competitions. They have an amazing sense of smell and are widely regarded as great tracking dogs. They can be trained as drug dogs or in search and rescue as well. This dog will clearly recognize you as an individual personality, they will learn your routine, anticipate what will happen next, and find ways to get what they want.
8. Ravens & Crows
I have bundled these two together because they are both members of the corvidae family of birds. This family is widely considered the most intelligent of all birds. Crows top the avian IQ scale, which is a scientific test to determine bird intelligence. They can count, distinguish complex shapes, and perform observational learning tasks. Crows are extremely social creatures and will engage in mid-air jousting to establish pecking order. Wild hooded crows in Israel have learned to use bread crumbs as fish bait, thinking in advance and anticipating the catch. The New Caledonian Crow has been intensely studied because of its ability to use tools in its every day search for food. This includes creating knives which are cut from leaves and stalks of grass. They also use advanced plucking, smoothing, and bending of twigs and grass stems to produce a variety of food substances. Ravens are similar to crows, but larger in size. Both species are black in color and the main difference is in their vocalizations. Ravens perform many of the same behaviors as crows, but they have been recognized for their ability to drop nuts, clams, muscles, and shells on to the highway, wait for a car to run them over, and then gather the prize.
7. The Border Collie
The Border Collie is widely considered the smartest dog breed in the world. They usually spend their time sheep herding and handling many forms of livestock, but also make a great pet. With physical exercise and various forms of mental stimulation these dogs are the quickest to learn. The breed originated on the Scottish, Welsh, and English border and the dogs made an instant impact on the farming industry. It has been determined that in certain areas of the Australian Outback a trained collie will do five times the amount of work that a human could manage. The Border Collie dominates dog sports above all other breeds. They excel at high jump, utility courses, fly-ball, and can even take first place in dog dancing competitions. They have an amazing sense of smell and are widely regarded as great tracking dogs. They can be trained as drug dogs or in search and rescue as well. This dog will clearly recognize you as an individual personality, they will learn your routine, anticipate what will happen next, and find ways to get what they want.
9. Rats
There are hundreds of rat species throughout the world. Rats are one of the most studied and tested animals on the planet. They have been research and test subjects for numerous famous and influential physiological studies. The reason for this is that a rat’s psychology is similar to humans and they are great for experimental comparisons. All rats learn new behaviors and tricks very easily. A 2007 study found that rats possess metacognition, which is a mental ability that has previously only been documented in humans and some primates. Rats have an amazing sense of smell and hearing. They have been trained to detect land mines and bombs. Recent research and technology has suggested that rats can even smell and identify human sputum samples infected with tuberculosis. These animals are incredible at solving mazes. Rats are social creatures and display signs of remorse, excitement, loss, and stress. They dream in a very similar way as humans. They also show amazing organizational and grooming techniques. Just remember, rats are smart and friendly creatures so don’t fear them. I included this funny rat clip.
10. Portia Labiata Jumping Spider
This species is a member of the Portia genus of spiders and is definitely the smallest creature on the list. Also known as the White-Mustached Portia, they inhabit wastelands and secondary forests in Africa, Asia, and Australia. These spiders have demonstrated learning abilities in laboratory tests and have been labeled the smartest bugs in the world. They perform astoundingly well on numerous problem solving tasks. One of their principle skills is luring other spiders from their webs for food. To do this they will pluck out rhythms at the corner of a web to mimic a trapped bug or insect intruder. If the Portia has encountered this type of spider before, then it will remember what rhythm pattern to use in order to achieve success. The Portia labiata has great eye sight and has been seen using incredible instinctive behavior. The spider uses a planned trial-and-error approach to hunting and shows a strong cognitive base. As the prey comes and goes, the spider will sit and wait for hours until it has a perfect moment to strike. Subsequently, plotting ahead and understanding that the meal will eventually return. These spiders have also shown signs of selective attention by identifying specific objects and prey over others.
These animals can be found in the tropical forests and wet savannas of Western and Central Africa. Chimpanzee’s learn, perform organizational thinking tasks, and have a better memory then any other animal. They have been known to defeat college educated people in memory exams. They can be taught to use computers to solve numerical problems. This animal can quickly adapt and perform sign language to communicate with humans. Chimps have been observed using advanced knowledge of tools. This includes creating spears to retrieve animals out of small holes in trees, using branches to lure and catch prey, using stones to crack nuts, and leaf sponges to soak up water. They have been viewed using tactical attack maneuvers, such as flanking their prey. They often use mental manipulation within their families. The Chimpanzee Genome Project was completed in 2005. It showed that chimps share 98% of the same genetic DNA as humans. It has been approximately four to six million years since humans and chimpanzee’s diverged from their common evolutionary ancestor. Recently, chimpanzees have been seen teaching sign language to their infants without human interference. We have just begun to understand the chimpanzees true mental capabilities.
2. Bottlenose Dolphins
The cetacean family, consisting of dolphins and whales are considered the smartest animals inhabiting the ocean. The Bottlenose Dolphin lives in warm waters throughout the world and is the smartest species of dolphin. It has an extremely large brain and its cerebral cortex and frontal lobe are 40% bigger then a human. The cerebral cortex is the area of the brain responsible for social communication, abstract information processing, problem solving, and higher lever intelligence. Bottlenose dolphins are very easily trained. They have been found to have the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend ideas, and learn from previous experiences. They use echolocation to hunt prey and certain forms of squeaks and whistles to communicate with each other. It is also interesting to see that in many occasions these dolphins show remorse for other species and signs of a conscious. In one recent story, a local dolphin named Moko saved two beached Pygmy Sperm Whales in New Zealand. The whales had been stranded for hours when Moko showed up and led the pair through the sand bars to safety. It was a glorious sight for locals and made national news.
3. Rhesus Macaque Monkey
Besides humans, the macaque genus is the most widespread in the world. The Rhesus Monkey is well known for its intelligence and because of this has been used extensively in biological and medical research. These animals have an incredible memory, ability to learn, and make self-decisions. They use facial expressions that are very similar and understood by humans. Rhesus Monkey’s have displayed suicidal tendencies, planned attack, and are very socially complex animals. They have detailed vocal systems that share similarities with human communication. Work on the genome sequencing of the Rhesus Monkey was completed in 2007, making it the second non-human primate to have this done. It showed that humans and macaques share 93% of their genetic DNA. The human and macaque chromosomes are mosaics of each other. This species of monkey, along with many others, has been used for monkey-baiting throughout history. This is a roman style fight between monkey’s and other exotic animals. Monkey’s performed admirably in these competitions, winning with intelligence. From this spawned the legend of Jacco Macacco, who was a celebrated monkey gladiator. With incredible technique and precision he usually dispatched of his opponent in three minutes or less.
4. Elephants
There are three living species of elephants, the African Bush Elephant, African Forest Elephant, and the Asian Elephant. All breeds are thought to inherit the same genetic genius. In many cultures elephants are seen as a symbol of wisdom and are known for their incredible memories. They create mental maps and are said to remember exact locations of watering and feeding holes they haven’t visited for years. An elephant’s brain is the largest of any land animal. Elephants have incredible hearing and they use both their ears and trunk to listen. They communicate by bellows, roars, trumpet-like calls, and can even transmit sound over long distances using the ground. These animals are one of few species that have displayed mirror self recognition and can identify themselves as independent. This is considered a base test for empathy, altruism, and higher social interactions in a species. Elephants have been noted performing a wide variety of behaviors. Including actions associated with grief, making music, compassion, play, and advanced use of tools. Elephants have an incredible sense for artistic achievement. They can paint portraits that express themselves. Check out this amazing video of an elephant painting a three-dimensional picture of another elephant.
5. African Grey Parrot
The African Grey is a species of parrot that is found in the West and Central African rainforest. Parrots have long been able to show that they can mimic human speech, but the African Grey can associate words with their meaning and form small sentences. These birds communicate with each other through song, calls, and body language. African Grey’s can easily be trained to have conversations and perform activities. They are accomplished mimics, recreating voices and household noises perfectly. One specific example is Alex the bird. Alex can identify more then fifty objects, seven colors, five shapes, and a numerical value up to six. He understands the difference between big and small, over and under, and has even showed comprehension of emotion by telling his handlers “gonna go away” when becoming bored with testing. Then there is the story of the African Grey Parrot in Nagarey, Japan who was lost by his owners, wounded, and sent to a veterinary hospital. While in the hospital the bird began to talk with the vet proclaiming “I am Mr. Yosuke Nakamura.” He also gave his full home address right down to the last number. Sure enough he was right and returned to home, but not before entertaining the hospital with song and dance.
6. North Pacific Giant Octopus
This creature lives in the depths of the ocean. They belong to the cephalopod family and the mollusk class. All species of cephalopods are known to have incredible intellectual ability. The octopus is considered the smartest invertebrate alive. In experimental conditions these animals have displayed both short and long term memory. They have incredible observational learning and problem solving ability. Octopuses have an extremely large nervous system, but only a portion is found in their brain. Around two-thirds of an octopus’ neurons are found in cords around and in its arms. There arms have a remarkably large autonomy. They are masters of mimicry and camouflage. They are professional escape artists and can often be found in the hull of crabbing boats, feeding on the catch. These animals have incredibly keen eyesight, sense of touch, and are very fast. There are reports of a North Pacific Giant Octopus reaching 600 pounds, with an arm span of 30 feet. They don’t make great pets or zoo attractions. In one recent story, an octopus flooded the Santa Monica Pier Aquarium by turning a valve and allowing hundreds of gallons of water to overflow the tank.
7. The Border Collie
The Border Collie is widely considered the smartest dog breed in the world. They usually spend their time sheep herding and handling many forms of livestock, but also make a great pet. With physical exercise and various forms of mental stimulation these dogs are the quickest to learn. The breed originated on the Scottish, Welsh, and English border and the dogs made an instant impact on the farming industry. It has been determined that in certain areas of the Australian Outback a trained collie will do five times the amount of work that a human could manage. The Border Collie dominates dog sports above all other breeds. They excel at high jump, utility courses, fly-ball, and can even take first place in dog dancing competitions. They have an amazing sense of smell and are widely regarded as great tracking dogs. They can be trained as drug dogs or in search and rescue as well. This dog will clearly recognize you as an individual personality, they will learn your routine, anticipate what will happen next, and find ways to get what they want.
8. Ravens & Crows
I have bundled these two together because they are both members of the corvidae family of birds. This family is widely considered the most intelligent of all birds. Crows top the avian IQ scale, which is a scientific test to determine bird intelligence. They can count, distinguish complex shapes, and perform observational learning tasks. Crows are extremely social creatures and will engage in mid-air jousting to establish pecking order. Wild hooded crows in Israel have learned to use bread crumbs as fish bait, thinking in advance and anticipating the catch. The New Caledonian Crow has been intensely studied because of its ability to use tools in its every day search for food. This includes creating knives which are cut from leaves and stalks of grass. They also use advanced plucking, smoothing, and bending of twigs and grass stems to produce a variety of food substances. Ravens are similar to crows, but larger in size. Both species are black in color and the main difference is in their vocalizations. Ravens perform many of the same behaviors as crows, but they have been recognized for their ability to drop nuts, clams, muscles, and shells on to the highway, wait for a car to run them over, and then gather the prize.
7. The Border Collie
The Border Collie is widely considered the smartest dog breed in the world. They usually spend their time sheep herding and handling many forms of livestock, but also make a great pet. With physical exercise and various forms of mental stimulation these dogs are the quickest to learn. The breed originated on the Scottish, Welsh, and English border and the dogs made an instant impact on the farming industry. It has been determined that in certain areas of the Australian Outback a trained collie will do five times the amount of work that a human could manage. The Border Collie dominates dog sports above all other breeds. They excel at high jump, utility courses, fly-ball, and can even take first place in dog dancing competitions. They have an amazing sense of smell and are widely regarded as great tracking dogs. They can be trained as drug dogs or in search and rescue as well. This dog will clearly recognize you as an individual personality, they will learn your routine, anticipate what will happen next, and find ways to get what they want.
9. Rats
There are hundreds of rat species throughout the world. Rats are one of the most studied and tested animals on the planet. They have been research and test subjects for numerous famous and influential physiological studies. The reason for this is that a rat’s psychology is similar to humans and they are great for experimental comparisons. All rats learn new behaviors and tricks very easily. A 2007 study found that rats possess metacognition, which is a mental ability that has previously only been documented in humans and some primates. Rats have an amazing sense of smell and hearing. They have been trained to detect land mines and bombs. Recent research and technology has suggested that rats can even smell and identify human sputum samples infected with tuberculosis. These animals are incredible at solving mazes. Rats are social creatures and display signs of remorse, excitement, loss, and stress. They dream in a very similar way as humans. They also show amazing organizational and grooming techniques. Just remember, rats are smart and friendly creatures so don’t fear them. I included this funny rat clip.
10. Portia Labiata Jumping Spider
This species is a member of the Portia genus of spiders and is definitely the smallest creature on the list. Also known as the White-Mustached Portia, they inhabit wastelands and secondary forests in Africa, Asia, and Australia. These spiders have demonstrated learning abilities in laboratory tests and have been labeled the smartest bugs in the world. They perform astoundingly well on numerous problem solving tasks. One of their principle skills is luring other spiders from their webs for food. To do this they will pluck out rhythms at the corner of a web to mimic a trapped bug or insect intruder. If the Portia has encountered this type of spider before, then it will remember what rhythm pattern to use in order to achieve success. The Portia labiata has great eye sight and has been seen using incredible instinctive behavior. The spider uses a planned trial-and-error approach to hunting and shows a strong cognitive base. As the prey comes and goes, the spider will sit and wait for hours until it has a perfect moment to strike. Subsequently, plotting ahead and understanding that the meal will eventually return. These spiders have also shown signs of selective attention by identifying specific objects and prey over others.
kisah cinta Habibie dan Ainun.
Cover Buku Ainun dan Habibie
Posting kali ini saya akan coba me-review buku yang baru saja saya baca. Semoga njenengan tidak kecewa dengan tulisan saya ini, maklum baru belajar membuat resensi buku. Kritik dan saran atau pandangan lain terhadap buku ini akan sangat saya harapakan.
Kemanunggalan jiwa yang dipatri oleh cinta yang murni, sempurna, dan abadi. Itulah salah satu pesan dari buku berjudul “Habibie dan Ainun” yang akan selalu terngiang-ngiang di benak kita setelah membacanya. Membaca buku yang ditulis langsung oleh Bapak B.J.Habibie ini seolah kita diajak mengarungi catatan harian cinta seorang Bacharudin Jusuf Habibie dengan Hasri Ainun binti Besari, kekasih abadinya sepanjang masa.
Adalah tepat kiranya bagi Pak Habibie menulis buku ini dengan tujuan salah satunya untuk terapi mengobati kerinduan dan kehilangan istri tercintanya, Ibu Ainun Habibie. Terapi kerinduan dari kehilangan seseorang yang selama 48 tahun 10 hari mendampingi hidup putra Pare-pare ini. Goresan kenangan tentang cinta tulus dan bakti Ibu Ainun inilah yang sanggup mengisi kekosongan jiwa Pak Habibie saat masa awal beliau merasa kehilangan.
Kisah cinta Ainun dan Habibie berawal dari pertemuan di Rangga Malela 11B, rumah kediaman keluarga Besari–keluarga besar Ainun–tinggal. Habibie, seorang insinyur yang baru pulang dari Jerman bertemu kembali dengan Ainun, kawan SMA-nya, seorang dokter lulusan FK UI setelah 7 tahun tak pernah jumpa. Perjumpaan secara tidak sengaja itu membawa Habibie muda terlarut dalam kerinduan pandangan mata indah Ainun yang akan selalu dikenangnya. Pandangan mata pada 7 Maret 1962 yang akan menjadi saksi cinta abadi sepasang insan manusia.
Kedua insan yang dipertemukan oleh cinta dari Allah itupun kemudian menikah. Alur kisah pun bergulir tentang cinta dan pengabdian seorang Ainun kepada suaminya. Cinta dan pengabdian Ainun adalah manifestasi ke-MANUNGGGAL-an jiwa, hati, dan batin Ainun dan Habibie. Dengan cinta dan pengabdian itulah yang membuatnya tetap setia mendampingi Habibie. Kesetiaan yang tetap dijaga Ainun walaupun saat menjadi seorang istri seorang asisten peneliti, pejabat teras perusahaan Jerman MBB, bahkan ketika menjadi Ibu Negara sekalipun. Cinta Ainun kepada Habibie tetap sama tulus tak berubah sepanjang waktu. Cintanya dari hati dan jiwa yang manunggal, yang memberi ketenangan kepada Habibie untuk terus menjaga idealismenya membangun negeri pertiwi. Cintanya tetap hidup walau Ainun dan Habibie terpisah dua dunia yang berbeda.
Cukup banyak kita temukan kisah cinta Pak Habibie dan Ibu Ainun di dalam buku ini yang mungkin belum pernah kita ketahui sebelumnya. Buku ini menarik untuk dibaca bagi siapa saja yang ingin mengetahui atau memahami kehidupan seorang insinyur hebat bernama BJ Habibie dari sudut pandang yang berbeda. Selain itu, di dalamnya juga banyak di dominasi oleh kisah kesetiaan Ibu Ainun sebagai seorang istri hingga akhir hayat dari sudut pandang suaminya. Pembaca juga tak hanya dapat menikmati kisah cinta kedua pasangan abadi itu saja, di buku ini juga terselip beberapa puisi dan doa seorang Habibie kepada istrinya.
Keseluruhan kisah di dalam buku setebal 335 halaman ini menurut penulisnya sengaja disajikan mirip novel agar enak dibaca oleh pembacanya. Walaupun demikian, dari awal hingga akhir membacanya saya merasa masih belum bisa menikmati buku ini layaknya kisah sebuah novel. Entah kenapa, saya masih merasa karya Pak Habibie ini lebih pantas saya apresiasikan sebagai sebuah biografi ketimbang novel. Jalan cerita yang terlalu datar dan minimnya metafora,yang menurut saya adalah bumbu rahasia setiap novel, membuat saya hampir bosan membaca hingga di tengah buku. Tidak hanya bosan, kadang saat membaca buku ini saya merasa kurang nyaman manakala ada beberapa kata yang salah edit dan beberapa cerita terkesan diulang-ulang dalam beberapa bab.
Pada awalnya, saya sangat penasaran dengan isi buku ini. Di kota Jogja sendiri saya hampir saja kehabisan buku ini karena ludes terjual hingga bulan Desember 2010 lalu. Siapapun akan mengira, buku ini akan mengisahkan untold story kehidupan pasangan Prof. Habibie dan dr. Ainun. Siapapun juga pasti pernah mengetahui kesetiaan seorang Habibie untuk terus menunggui makam almarhumah istrinya selama 40 hari yang sempat menjadi topik hangat media beberapa waktu lalu. Mungkin inilah yang menurut saya menjadi salah satu pemicu larisnya buku ini di pasaran. Namun saya agak sedikit kecewa setelah membaca keseluruhan kisah di buku ini. Harapan saya untuk mendapatkan kisah kemanunggalan cinta Habibie dan Ainun kurang terobati. Menurut saya, rasanya kebanyakan cerita nyata buku ini lebih mengekspos kehidupan Pak Habibie sendiri dengan bumbu kisah cinta dan pengabdian Ibu Ainun. Gregetnya baru terasa saat detik-detik wafatnya Ibu Ainun. Di bagian akhir buku itulah baru saya rasakan cinta dan sayang Habibie dan Ainun yang membuncah. Cinta yang tumpah-ruah dan sanggup menumpahkan air mata haru.
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